Skin cancer, the most common global malignancy, is linked to ultraviolet (UV)-driven serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)synthesis, with its controversial role possibly reflecting cumulative UV exposure. This study aimed to assess the association and causality between 25(OH)D levels and skin cancer risk using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018) data and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, evaluating 25(OH)D as a screening biomarker.

We integrated data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018; n = 21,357 U.S. adults, including 631 skin cancer cases) with MR analyses using genome-wide association study-derived genetic variants to assess the causal relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and skin cancer risk.

Higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased risks of nonmelanoma skin cancer [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 2.94 (2.10, 4.20)], melanoma [OR (95% CI) = 2.94 (1.73, 5.28)], and other skin cancers [OR (95% CI) = 2.10 (1.36, 3.36)]. MR analyses supported a causal relationship for nonmelanoma skin cancer [OR (95% CI) = 1.01 (1.00, 1.02)] and melanoma [OR (95% CI) = 1.00 (1.00, 1.01)]. Risks were highest in males, older adults, and individuals with obesity.

Higher serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with increased skin cancer risk, likely reflecting cumulative UV exposure. Routine monitoring of 25(OH)D, combined with UV exposure management, is recommended for risk stratification in skin cancer screening, particularly among high-risk groups. Validation in multiethnic cohorts is needed to confirm these findings.

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted university students, presenting multifaceted challenges including the abrupt transition to virtual learning and significant disruptions to emotional well-being and dietary habits. This study aimed to investigate the dietary and nutritional characteristics associated with academic stress among Mexican university students during the COVID-19 lockdown.

This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 114 university students in Mexico. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing dietary patterns, nutritional intake, and academic stress levels. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

Among study participants (n = 114), 57.8% experienced moderate academic stress, while 25.7% reported high academic stress during the COVID-19 lockdown. Notably, 13.5% of students demonstrated food cravings that were significantly associated with increased consumption of red and fatty meats (P = 0.030) and sausages (P = 0.017). A negative virtual education experience was associated with food cravings towards high-calorie and saturated-fat foods (P = 0.014), as well as elevated academic stress levels (P = 0.009). Furthermore, high academic stress levels were positively associated with food cravings (P = 0.020), particularly towards carbohydrate-rich foods (P = 0.037).

The COVID-19 lockdown substantially disrupted the dietary habits and nutritional status of university students, with academic stress serving as a significant mediating factor.

Delirium, commonly observed in critically ill patients following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by disturbances in attention, consciousness, and cognition. The underlying brain network mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the functional connectivity (FC) of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) in delirium patients with basal ganglia ICH and to identify potential biomarkers for predicting delirium onset.

In this cross-sectional study, brain networkomics techniques were used to examine the FC within the ARAS in ICH patients with and without delirium. A two-sample t-test compared differences in ARAS connectivity between delirium and non-delirium groups, identifying abnormal brain regions and their corresponding FC values. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was then performed to evaluate the predictive value of FC for delirium onset.

A significant disruption in FC between the brainstem ARAS nuclei and the left parahippocampal gyrus was observed in ICH patients with delirium. The FC strength between these regions was a reliable predictor of delirium occurrence, with an area under the curve of 0.893, indicating high predictive accuracy.

The disruption of FC between the brainstem ARAS nuclei and the left parahippocampal gyrus may represent a key mechanism underlying delirium pathogenesis. The strength of this connectivity could serve as a potential biomarker for predicting delirium onset. Future research should focus on strategies to restore this connectivity as a potential treatment for early reversal of delirium.

Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot essential oil (AAEO) holds significant pharmacological potential, but its application is constrained by hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of reducing AAEO’s toxicity through storage and to evaluate changes in chemical composition, toxicity, and bioactivity.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze compositional changes during storage. Zebrafish acute toxicity tests and the liver-specific transgenic zebrafish model Tg(fabp10:EGFP) were used to assess toxicity. Antimicrobial, analgesic, and antioxidant assays evaluated variations in bioactivity.

Over the 150-day storage period, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 39 components. Zebrafish acute toxicity tests showed that the LD50 of AAEO stored for 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days were 0.10 µL·mL−1, 0.10 µL·mL−1, 0.10 µL·mL−1, 0.11 µL·mL−1, 0.13 µL·mL−1, and 0.14 µL·mL−1, respectively, demonstrating a 40% reduction in acute toxicity after 150 days of storage. Using the liver-specific green fluorescent transgenic Tg(fabp10:EGFP) zebrafish model, the inhibition rates of AAEO on hepatic fluorescence intensity were measured at 68.5%, 43.5%, 42.6%, 37.8%, 34.6%, and 31.9% at different time points, confirming reduced hepatotoxicity after storage. Additionally, the antioxidant and analgesic activities of AAEO were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) after storage, while the antibacterial activity decreased (p < 0.05).

After storage, AAEO significantly reduces hepatotoxicity, with a 40% decrease in acute toxicity after 150 days. Meanwhile, the antioxidant and analgesic activities of AAEO increase, while its antibacterial activity decreases after storage.

Chronic liver cirrhosis (LC) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are interconnected hepatic disorders associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite their distinct clinical characteristics, both conditions share common pathogenic pathways that remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to identify shared gene signatures and elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms.

In this study, we employed Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis to explore transcriptomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus for LC and ACLF.

Key co-expression modules enriched with genes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways were identified, implicating metabolic dysfunction as a central feature in both conditions. Furthermore, microRNA analysis revealed that hsa-miR-122 and hsa-miR-194 play pivotal roles in regulating these metabolic pathways, potentially contributing to immune dysregulation.

Our findings indicate that these shared molecular mechanisms are critical in the progression from LC to ACLF, providing novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for mitigating disease severity and improving clinical outcomes.