Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the prevention and management of gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases, yet dietary guidance remains generic, limiting its effectiveness. Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, celiac disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease are significantly influenced by dietary factors. Personalized nutrition has emerged as a promising strategy to tailor interventions, but conventional approaches fail to account for individual metabolic, genetic, and microbiome variability, limiting their clinical impact. The rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed precision nutrition by integrating genomics, microbiome profiles, metabolic markers, and real-time dietary tracking to generate individualized recommendations. AI-driven systems are advancing dietary assessment, condition-specific nutrition optimization, and continuous monitoring through tools such as wearable devices and natural language processing-based diet analysis. These innovations hold transformative potential in gastroenterology and hepatology, offering dynamic, patient-specific strategies that may enhance clinical outcomes. However, challenges remain, including the lack of standardized AI-driven protocols, ethical concerns such as bias and data privacy, limited clinical validation, and the underrepresentation of nutrition in many current AI applications. Opportunities for progress include developing federated learning models, expanding real-world validation studies, and designing regulatory and ethical frameworks for safe implementation. This narrative review synthesizes literature published between 2015 and 2025 across five databases, highlighting key applications, limitations, and future directions of AI-driven personalized nutrition in gastroenterology and hepatology. It provides insights into how AI could reshape patient-centered care through more individualized, effective, and scalable dietary strategies.

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a significant complication of cirrhosis, but its progression and underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate dynamic changes in cardiac function, pathology, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage in a mouse model of CCM, and to compare echocardiographic characteristics in patients with cirrhosis.

Bile duct ligation was performed in male C57BL/6J mice to induce cirrhosis. Longitudinal analyses were conducted over eight weeks. Cardiac function was assessed using serum biomarkers, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. Pathology was examined with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Sirius Red, and wheat germ agglutinin staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect markers of inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function. Cardiac and liver function markers were also evaluated in patients with cirrhosis.

Mice subjected to bile duct ligation developed progressive cardiac dysfunction, including reduced cardiac output and diastolic dysfunction (end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular internal diameters, stroke volume, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased, whereas ejection fraction and fractional shortening increased), as well as cardiac atrophy. Myocardial apoptosis, inflammation (elevated tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and p65), and fibrosis worsened over time. Mitochondrial injury was characterized by reduced carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, with increased hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, and lactate dehydrogenase A. In patients with cirrhosis, impaired cardiac function and elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels correlated with total bilirubin.

The progression of CCM is closely associated with cirrhosis severity and appears to be driven by myocardial atrophy, apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Preclinical studies of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) antagonist deramciclane suggested an anxiolytic profile, which has not been unequivocally established in the clinic. The same receptor profile also indicated that the compound may exhibit antidepressant potential. However, evidence for these effects remains inconclusive. The present study examined the effect of the drug in two preclinical tests with predictive validity for antidepressant activity.

The antidepressant-like activity of deramciclane was assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats by measuring immobility time in the forced swim test (doses: 1, 5 mg/kg) and ambulation scores in the bilateral olfactory bulbectomized (doses: 5, 10 mg/kg) rat model. In both tests, the clinically effective antidepressant imipramine served as the control condition.

In the forced swim test, there was a statistically significant effect of treatment on immobility time (F2,34 = 5.77; p < 0.01; analysis of variance), which was attributable to the effect of the 5 mg/kg dose (p < 0.01; Bonferroni post-hoc test). Deramciclane at 1 mg/kg was not significantly different from vehicle-treated animals. By contrast, neither dose of deramciclane (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) reversed the hyperactivity of olfactory bulbectomized rats, whereas imipramine was active in both tests.

Deramciclane demonstrates contradictory evidence for antidepressant-like activity in two validated pharmacological tools that identify such potential. The agent is clearly active in the forced swim test but not in the bulbectomized rat model. Further evaluation of the antidepressant-like potential of deramciclane in pharmacological models with predictive validity is warranted, and a more detailed examination of the dose-response relationship may be informative.

Amaranth is conventionally consumed as a significant source of nutrients and bioactive compounds and is a potential alternate crop. The present study aimed to validate the folklore and ethnomedicinal claims regarding the utilization of foliar tissues of the pseudocereal Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. for their pharmacological propensities, primarily focusing on bioactive polyphenolic compounds and associated anti-degenerative properties, in view of the scarce evidence available on the same.

Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array assay of nineteen significant bioactive polyphenolic compounds, along with their in vitro antioxidant-based pharmacological properties (superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties, metal-chelating and reducing properties, radical scavenging properties, anti-lipid peroxidation and protein coagulation properties, and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities), were assessed and compared for foliar extracts of ten promising experimental accessions of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, grown in two different seasons (summer and winter).

The results exhibited germplasm-specific variations in the pharmacological potential of foliar tissues of the experimental amaranths, which can be substantiated by data showing a close correlation between the abundance of bioactive polyphenolic compounds (naringin, myricetin, naringenin, apigenin, rutin, catechin, quercetin) and in vitro antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing, and metal-chelating) properties, as well as anti-diabetic (inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities) and anti-inflammatory (anti-lipid peroxidation) attributes. Accessions IC107144 and IC47434 stood out as the most promising medicinal crops based on overall in vitro anti-degenerative properties and the bioavailability of polyphenolic compounds.

Overall, the results validated the traditional ethnomedicinal claim regarding the utilization of foliar tissues of the underutilized pseudocereal Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., and identified lead germplasms (IC107144 and IC47434) as low-cost natural sources of bioactive compounds, potentially promoting their pharmacological utilization.