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Original Article Open Access
Yusuf Musa, Habib Tijjani Saleh, Chinwe Philomena Onyia, Abubakar Sadiq Aminu, Kenechukwu Chukwuemeka Okonkwo, Oluwafunmilayo Funke Adeniyi, Abdulkareem Lukman Olaitan, Hafizu Abdullahi Zubairu, Nasiru Altine Dankiri, Muhammad Manko, Matthew Olumuyiwa Bojuwoye, Owoseni Opeyemi Olubukola, Emuobor Odeghe, Yusuf Shehu Umar, Ganiyat Kikelomo Oyeleke, Isa Mustapha, Chinenye Unoma Nwoko, Evaristus Sunday Chukwudike
Published online July 9, 2025
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Journal of Translational Gastroenterology. doi:10.14218/JTG.2025.00011
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition with significant health implications worldwide. In Nigeria, data on its prevalence and characteristics are limited, highlighting [...] Read more.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition with significant health implications worldwide. In Nigeria, data on its prevalence and characteristics are limited, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies to better understand its epidemiology and clinical features in the region. This study aimed to assess the clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, and management challenges of IBD among patients undergoing colonoscopy in Nigeria.

Over five years (2019–2024), a multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted involving clinicians across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. It included a retrospective review of records from 18 centers. Data collection was conducted in two phases via Google Forms, focusing on care practices and detailed case information, including demographics, clinical features, histology, and treatment. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and tests for associations, with significance set at p < 0.05.

A total of 459 suspected IBD cases (9.7%) were identified among over 4,700 colonoscopies, with histological confirmation in 208 cases (4.4%), indicating the prevalence of IBD in the Nigerian patient population. The most common subtype was ulcerative colitis (53.9%), followed by Crohn’s disease (21.0%) and indeterminate colitis (25.0%). Regional variations were observed, with higher diagnosis rates in some zones (North-West: 14.9%; South-East: 1.4%). The predominant clinical feature was rectal bleeding. Endoscopic findings frequently showed pan-colitis (62%), with significant regional differences (p < 0.001), and management mainly involved medications such as acetylsalicylic acid derivatives (60.0%), with surgical options rarely employed (0.6%). Challenges included high medication costs and limited availability, which affected nearly half of the patients (49.4%; 46.2%).

IBD, though under-recognized, is present in the Nigerian population, with notable regional variation in prevalence and presentation. The primary clinical features align with global patterns, and significant barriers, such as medication costs and availability, hinder effective management. Increasing awareness, improving diagnostic infrastructure, and addressing treatment challenges are essential to enhance care and outcomes for patients with IBD in Nigeria.

Full article
Corrigendum Open Access
Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Access
Editorial Office of Cancer Screening and Prevention
Published online December 25, 2024
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Cancer Screening and Prevention. doi:10.14218/CSP.2024.000RA
Corrigendum Open Access
Review Article Open Access
Himani Kumar, Akansha Deshwal, Sneha Datwani, Zaibo Li
Published online July 21, 2025
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Journal of Clinical and Translational Pathology. doi:10.14218/JCTP.2025.00021
Abstract
High-grade endometrial carcinoma (HGEC) is an aggressive tumor with increasing incidence and mortality. Traditional classifications, such as Bokhman’s dualistic model and the World [...] Read more.

High-grade endometrial carcinoma (HGEC) is an aggressive tumor with increasing incidence and mortality. Traditional classifications, such as Bokhman’s dualistic model and the World Health Organization histopathological system, have limitations due to tumor heterogeneity and interobserver variability. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of how integrating histopathological and molecular data, particularly The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification, advances risk stratification and personalized treatment in HGEC. It highlights current challenges and identifies future directions to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes through precision medicine.

A literature review was conducted focusing on the epidemiology, histopathology, and molecular profiling of HGEC, with an emphasis on TCGA and next-generation sequencing studies.

TCGA molecular classification stratifies HGEC into four subgroups with distinct prognoses which includes POLE-ultramutated (POLE), microsatellite instability hypermutated, copy number high and copy number low. The next-generation sequencing enhances diagnostic precision and guides personalized treatment. However, diagnostic challenges persist in clinical practice.

Integrating histopathology with TCGA-based molecular profiling refines HGEC classification, enabling improved risk stratification and targeted therapies. Continued efforts to improve diagnostic accuracy are essential to advance patient care.

Full article
Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Access
Editorial Office of Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine
Published online December 25, 2024
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Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine. doi:10.14218/ERHM.2024.000RA
Mini Review Open Access
Sanjib Bhattacharya
Published online June 30, 2025
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Future Integrative Medicine. doi:10.14218/FIM.2025.00021
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a dangerous yet neglected tropical disease affecting a vast population of the world. Several medicinal plants and their constituents (natural products/phytochemicals) [...] Read more.

Leishmaniasis is a dangerous yet neglected tropical disease affecting a vast population of the world. Several medicinal plants and their constituents (natural products/phytochemicals) have been considered of prime importance for the management of leishmaniasis over the years. The present review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of the constituents obtained from medicinal plants that are pre-clinically effective against leishmaniasis. Various mechanisms by which medicinal plant-derived natural products elicit their action against leishmaniasis are illustrated in the literature. The mechanisms identified include: disruption of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, modulation of gene expression and immunological pathways, pro-oxidant effects (disrupting redox balance) with mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle arrest, impaired cellular bioenergetics, i.e., adenosine triphosphate production and coagulation of cellular contents within Leishmania parasites. Future phytochemical and pharmacological (especially clinical) studies are necessary to further understand the mechanistic details of medicinal plant-derived natural compounds and to develop new phytotherapeutic entities from nature against leishmaniasis.

Full article
Original Article Open Access
Qian Zhang, Jiajun Wang, Yifan He, Kun Zhang, Wei Hong, Tao Han
Published online July 18, 2025
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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2025.00112
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe immune-mediated liver disease with limited treatment options beyond immunosuppressants, which carry significant side effects. Existing evidence [...] Read more.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe immune-mediated liver disease with limited treatment options beyond immunosuppressants, which carry significant side effects. Existing evidence suggests that mesaconate (MSA) possesses immunomodulatory properties and may offer advantages over itaconate derivatives by avoiding succinate dehydrogenase inhibition. However, its specific role in AIH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of MSA on AIH and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action.

A murine AIH model was established via tail vein injection of concanavalin A (ConA, 20 mg/kg). MSA (250 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 6 h before ConA exposure. Liver histology, serum transaminase levels, apoptosis markers, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of MSA. Additionally, RNA sequencing and Western blotting were performed to explore the mechanisms of MSA action. In vitro validation was conducted using RAW264.7 macrophages pretreated with MSA (1 mM) followed by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ, 50 ng/mL) stimulation.

MSA pretreatment effectively mitigated ConA-induced AIH by reducing inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. The underlying protective mechanism involved MSA-mediated downregulation of IFN-γ expression and subsequent inhibition of the Janus tyrosine kinase 1/2–signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathway. The involvement of this pathway in human AIH was also confirmed.

This study provides the first evidence that MSA ameliorates AIH by suppressing the IFN-γ–Janus tyrosine kinase 1/2–signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathway, offering novel mechanistic insights and a promising therapeutic candidate for the future treatment of autoimmune disorders.

Full article
Original Article Open Access
Boyuan Ren, Jiayan Jin, Yichen Wang, Xiao Xu, Yun Liu, Hongfan Ding, Qiang Li, Ji-de Jin
Published online August 30, 2024
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Future Integrative Medicine. doi:10.14218/FIM.2024.00031
Abstract
Radiation injury poses a serious threat to human health, causing complex and multifaceted damage to cells and tissues. Such injury can be caused by various factors, including nuclear [...] Read more.

Radiation injury poses a serious threat to human health, causing complex and multifaceted damage to cells and tissues. Such injury can be caused by various factors, including nuclear accidents, medical radiation therapy, and space travel. Currently, finding effective treatment methods and drugs to mitigate the harmful effects of radiation injury on the human body is a crucial research direction. This study aimed to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of Licochalcone B (Lico B) on radiation-induced cell damage and radiation-induced mortality in mice.

HaCaT cells, THP-1 cells, and HAEC cells were irradiated with a 10 Gray (Gy) dose of X-rays, while RAW 264.7 cells were irradiated with a 10 Gy dose of γ-rays. The cells were pre-treated with Lico B for 2 h before irradiation, and samples were collected 2 h after irradiation. Cell proliferation viability, oxidative stress levels, DNA damage, expression levels of inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinases, guanylate cyclase, and iron death-related factors were measured. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to total-body irradiation with a dose of 8 Gy or a combined dose of 6 Gy + 8 Gy of γ-rays to induce radiation injury. Lico B was injected intraperitoneally one day before irradiation and then administered for two consecutive days, with continuous observation for 20 days.

Mechanistically, Lico B significantly improved antioxidant levels, reduced DNA damage, and lowered the expression of inflammatory factors in HaCaT, THP-1, HAEC, and RAW 264.7 cells. Therapeutically, Lico B increased cell proliferation capacity and significantly extended the survival time of irradiated mice, demonstrating a strong radioprotective effect.

Lico B exhibits significant radioprotective effects and may serve as a potential radioprotective agent.

Full article
Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Access
Editorial Office of Oncology Advances
Published online December 25, 2024
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Oncology Advances. doi:10.14218/OnA.2024.000RA
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