Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted to evaluate treatment efficacy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of 11 promising targets among adults with MASLD.

PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception to November 20, 2024. The primary outcomes were fibrosis improvement ≥1 stage without worsening of steatohepatitis and steatohepatitis resolution without worsening of fibrosis. Additional outcomes included reductions in liver fat content, liver enzymes, metabolic profiles, and selected safety outcomes. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank efficacy.

Of 11,584 articles screened, 44 eligible RCTs (11,410 participants, 33 medications) were included. For fibrosis improvement, d-(R)-pioglitazone (SUCRA: 79.3) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 analogs (SUCRA: 71.9) ranked higher. For steatohepatitis resolution, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) dual receptor agonists (RAs) (SUCRA: 91.7) ranked higher. Co-agonists of GLP-1/GIP/GCG and GLP-1/GCG receptors ranked higher for relative and absolute changes in liver fat content, respectively. For liver enzymes and glucose improvement, the combination of a GLP-1 RA and an acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor ranked higher. GLP-1 RAs, peroxisome proliferator-activated RAs, and FGF21 analogs showed favorable effects on lipid profile improvement.

Incretin-based co-agonists and FGF21 analogs showed favorable profiles across key endpoints, while d-(R)-pioglitazone and GLP-1/GIP dual RAs ranked higher for fibrosis improvement and steatohepatitis resolution, respectively. SUCRA rankings should be interpreted in conjunction with effect sizes, uncertainty, and available safety data.

Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, including sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety, are common and often undertreated, yet their responsiveness to mind-body exercises remains unclear. This scoping review evaluated the currently available evidence on the effects of Tai Chi and Qigong interventions on non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

We searched six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PEDro) through February 28, 2026, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We included English-language RCTs that evaluated the effects of Qigong and Tai Chi interventions on non-motor outcomes in Parkinson’s disease and excluded non-RCTs, review articles, and protocol articles. We were predominantly interested in the following non-motor outcome measures: cognition, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep quality.

This review identified 18 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria, including nine Tai Chi studies and nine Qigong studies. Most of the reviewed studies were of high quality according to the PEDro scale, but the small sample sizes limited our analysis to identifying trends in outcomes. A strong trend toward a beneficial effect was found for sleep quality and cognition, a moderate trend toward improvement was found in depression, anxiety and quality of life, and weak or unclear effects were found for other non-motor symptoms such as fatigue. Several studies also had high dropout rates.

Although these studies suggest that Tai Chi and Qigong may improve sleep quality and cognition, the evidence supporting their benefits in alleviating other non-motor symptoms is generally weak, primarily because of small sample sizes. The heterogeneity in methodologies across the reviewed studies and high dropout rates in some studies are significant limitations of previous RCTs.

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is a life-threatening liver vascular disorder with limited treatment options. HSOS results from the activation and injury of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Berberine (BBR) has been shown to protect endothelial cells in various diseases. However, whether BBR can alleviate liver injury and LSEC disruption in HSOS remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of BBR on HSOS.

Two mouse models of HSOS were established using monocrotaline or oxaliplatin. Mice in the treatment groups received a low dose (100 mg/kg) or a high dose (200 mg/kg) of BBR daily. Histology, scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of BBR. Cell co-culture, Transwell assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were performed to investigate the molecular pathways involved.

BBR treatment dose-dependently reduced liver injury and disruption of LSECs in murine HSOS models. Moreover, BBR significantly reduced hepatic neutrophil infiltration, thereby attenuating neutrophil-mediated injury to LSECs. Additionally, BBR inhibited the effect of injured LSECs on neutrophil activation. Mechanistically, injured LSECs were identified as one of the major sources of CXCL1 in HSOS, and BBR downregulated CXCL1 expression in injured LSECs by inhibiting MAPK signaling.

In this study, we demonstrate that BBR ameliorates HSOS by inhibiting endothelial-mediated neutrophil recruitment and activation. BBR may be a promising therapeutic option for HSOS treatment.

Cervical cancer is a major malignancy that threatens women’s health, and early screening is a core strategy for reducing its incidence and mortality. Multimodal fusion artificial intelligence (AI) pathological diagnosis models integrate multidimensional data—including cytological images, colposcopic images, whole-slide histopathological images, clinical data, and molecular testing results—and may enhance the detection sensitivity, grading accuracy, and screening efficiency for early cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. However, traditional cervical cancer screening methods face limitations such as high subjectivity, reliance on single-source information, relatively low efficiency, and insufficient primary care resources. Furthermore, existing reviews mostly focus on single-modal AI models or specific technical aspects, lacking a comprehensive analysis of the full technical framework and clinical translation pathways of multimodal fusion models. This review aims to comprehensively present the development and application of multimodal fusion AI models in pathological diagnosis for early cervical cancer screening. Specifically, it comprehensively details the technical architecture, data modalities, and fusion strategies—including deep learning, attention mechanisms, and cross-modal alignment techniques—that enable the complementary representation of morphological, clinical, and molecular information. Additionally, the review integrates recent advances in clinical applications and evaluates current translational challenges, providing insights into clinical validation pathways to bridge technological innovation and practical healthcare delivery. In conclusion, with further technological refinement and clinical validation, multimodal fusion AI may become a useful tool for improving the precision and efficiency of cervical cancer screening and prevention, and may inform the standardized application and translational research of AI technology in this field.

Chronic hepatitis B patients with baseline hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) <1500 IU/mL are considered as the favorable population for achieving functional cure. This trial aimed to explore a treatment strategy to help the unfavorable population characterized by high HBsAg levels (>3000 IU/mL), hepatitis B e antigen-negative status, and normal alanine transaminase levels in the indeterminate phase (HBEIP), transition to the favorable group.

In this investigator-initiated, open-label clinical trial, we randomly assigned participants aged 18 to 60 years with HBEIP characteristics to receive either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy (monotherapy group) or pegylated interferon alfa-2b (Peg-IFNα-2b) plus TDF (combination group). The primary endpoints were the HBsAg loss rate and the proportion of participants with HBsAg <1,500 IU/mL through week 96.

From May 2021 to November 2023, we enrolled 263 participants, with 131 randomly assigned to the combination group and 132 to the monotherapy group. In the primary analysis, none of the 132 participants (0%) in the monotherapy group achieved HBsAg loss, compared with 10 of 131 (7.6%) in the combination group (P = 0.001). Through week 96, 48.9% (64/131) of participants in the combination group achieved HBsAg <1,500 IU/mL, and a reduction in HBsAg level greater than 1 log10 IU/mL between baseline and week 24 was an independent predictor of this endpoint (Odds Ratio = 16.957, 95% Confidence Interval: 3.002–95.797, P = 0.001). In contrast, only two participants (1.5%) in the monotherapy group achieved HBsAg <1,500 IU/mL.

Compared with TDF monotherapy, combination therapy with Peg-IFNα-2b and TDF significantly improved both HBsAg <1,500 IU/mL and HBsAg loss rates in HBEIP patients.

Post-stroke dysphagia management research has primarily focused on screening, assessment, and intervention strategies, with limited objective indicators for evaluating nursing care quality. This study aimed to develop a dysphagia nursing quality evaluation index system for neurosurgical inpatients with stroke.

Using the “structure-process-outcome” three-dimensional quality model as the theoretical framework, a preliminary quality evaluation index system was constructed through literature analysis and group discussion. A two-round Delphi expert consultation was conducted among 25 purposively selected clinical experts from tertiary Class A hospitals, with inclusion criteria requiring a bachelor’s degree or higher, an intermediate professional title or above, and at least 10 years of clinical experience in stroke nursing or related fields. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine indicator weights. Outcome measures included expert authority coefficients (Cr), Kendall’s W concordance coefficient, internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α), and the final indicator structure.

The Cr values were 0.87 and 0.88 across the two rounds. Kendall’s W concordance coefficient increased from 0.207 to 0.235 (P < 0.001), indicating statistically significant expert agreement. The final index system comprised 3 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 44 third-level indicators, with all indicator definitions and weights determined. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.86, indicating preliminary internal consistency.

This study developed a dysphagia nursing quality evaluation index system for neurosurgical inpatients with stroke using the three-dimensional quality model and the Delphi method. The system showed acceptable expert authority, statistically significant expert agreement, and preliminary internal consistency, suggesting potential applicability for nursing quality monitoring in neurosurgical wards and Neurosurgery Intensive Care Units. Further clinical validation is needed before routine implementation.

Emerging diseases are those that appear in a population for the first time or previously existed, but rapidly increase in incidence or geographic range. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, ethnopharmacological practices became prominent in Nigeria because herbal remedies were affordable, locally accessible, and supported by longstanding cultural trust. However, despite broad public use and some regulatory progress, evidence for the safety, efficacy, standardization, and clinical application of these remedies remains limited. This narrative review examines the integration of ethnopharmacology into Nigeria’s COVID-19 response, evaluates its strengths, constraints, and lessons, and considers future pathways for incorporating ethnopharmacological practices into epidemic preparedness and response strategies. It reviews literature and regulatory information published from 2015 to 2025, focusing on herbal remedies used during the pandemic, regulatory listing processes, and key research gaps. Common remedies were derived from Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Citrus limon, Curcuma longa, and Garcinia kola. The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control in Nigeria accelerated toxicological testing and listed 14 local herbal medicines, including Pax Herbal Cugzin, Niprimune, and IHP Detox Tea. This established a baseline safety for human consumption but did not validate therapeutic efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which requires rigorous clinical trials. Although some formulations showed promising findings in preliminary clinical, in silico, and in vitro studies, the evidence was constrained by small pilot samples, absence of multiphase randomized controlled trials, insufficient in vivo pharmacokinetic data, and difficulties in isolating active compounds necessary for batch-to-batch consistency. Strengthening Nigeria’s resilience to future epidemics will require sustained investment in scientific research infrastructure, toxicogenomic and metabolomic studies, robust intellectual property frameworks for indigenous knowledge, and transparent public communication to reduce misinformation and product misuse.

Observational studies indicate frequent associations between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and various hematologic disorders, yet causal inferences are limited by confounding and reverse causality. We therefore applied a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) design to assess potential genetic causal associations of SLE with specific hematologic conditions.

We used European-ancestry GWAS summary statistics for SLE (5,201 cases, 9,066 controls) and five hematologic outcomes (vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (B12DA), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), agranulocytosis (AGC), iron deficiency anemia (IDA)) from FinnGen. The primary analysis used inverse-variance weighting, supplemented by MR-Egger and weighted median methods, with comprehensive sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity tests, pleiotropy assessment, and leave-one-out analysis.

Bidirectional MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted SLE increased the risk of B12DA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, P < 0.001), and genetically predicted B12DA was associated with an increased risk of SLE (OR = 2.22, P = 1.6 × 10−29). The MDS → SLE association was nominally significant (P = 0.023) but did not survive Bonferroni correction (P < 0.005) and was inconsistent across MR methods. No significant genetic associations were found between SLE and ITP, AGC, or IDA in either direction (all P > 0.005).

This bidirectional MR study provides genetic evidence that SLE increases the risk of B12DA, whereas the reverse direction (B12DA → SLE) should be interpreted cautiously because it was based on only five instruments and was not supported by the Steiger directionality test. No robust genetic associations were found for ITP, AGC, IDA, or MDS. Clinically, monitoring B12DA in SLE patients may be warranted, although screening recommendations await prospective validation.