Spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impacts the central nervous system, with limited effective treatments available. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in neuronal growth, survival, and regeneration after SCI. MicroRNAs, particularly miR-124-3p, have been implicated in SCI pathophysiology. However, the relationship between miR-124-3p and BDNF in the context of SCI remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between miR-124-3p expression and BDNF levels in a rat model of spinal cord injury and to assess how the timing of injury affects this relationship.

This study included 72 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: intact (n = 8), sham (n = 32), and SCI (n = 32). SCI diagnosis was confirmed through behavioral-motor function analysis using the Basso, Beattie & Brenham score and histological examination with crystal violet staining. The expression levels of miR-124-3p and BDNF were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction in all groups at four time points (one hour, one day, three days, and seven days post-injury).

In the SCI group, a marked reduction in miR-124-3p expression was observed relative to both the sham and intact groups. Conversely, there was a substantial elevation in BDNF expression within the SCI group in comparison to the sham and intact groups. The findings underscore a negative association between miR-124-3p expression and BDNF messenger RNA levels.

The downregulation of miR-124-3p and concurrent upregulation of BDNF suggest a potential regulatory role of miR-124-3p in modulating BDNF expression during SCI. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying SCI and suggest that miR-124-3p and BDNF could serve as potential therapeutic targets. Further research is needed to explore the translational potential of these findings for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for SCI.

In recent years, it has been found that Lycium barbarum can repair liver damage and promote liver regeneration. Additionally, the polysaccharides contained in Lycium barbarum have anticancer properties and can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Molecular docking, a mature computer-aided method, is widely used in drug discovery. This study aimed to verify the efficacy of active ingredients of Lycium barbarum in the treatment of liver cancer by molecular docking.

The effect of the active ingredients of Lycium barbarum in the treatment of liver cancer was verified by molecular docking, based on a previous study that examined the impact of Lycium barbarum on liver cancer using network pharmacology.

The binding energies of the key active ingredients and core targets were all less than −5.0 kcal/mol (1 kcal = 4.184 J), with most of them being less than −7.0 kcal/mol. This indicates that the key active ingredients and core targets have good binding ability, with most demonstrating strong binding affinity.

Most of the active ingredients in wolfberry can spontaneously bind to the core target protein, thereby playing a therapeutic role in liver cancer.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are among the most common genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and play a pivotal role in leukemogenesis. The two primary mutation types, internal tandem duplications (ITDs) and tyrosine kinase domain point mutations, serve as key prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have revolutionized FLT3 mutation detection by providing precise insights into mutation architecture, enhancing risk stratification, and enabling personalized treatment strategies. Additionally, these advancements have facilitated molecular minimal residual disease (MRD) testing, which is instrumental in guiding post-remission management. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic implications of FLT3 mutations in hematologic malignancies.

A narrative review of the current literature on FLT3 mutations was conducted, incorporating data from original research articles, clinical trials, and recent reviews. Relevant studies were identified through a PubMed literature search and manually curated.

FLT3 mutations are detected in approximately 30% of AML cases and occur at lower frequencies in myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and mixed phenotype acute leukemia. NGS enables comprehensive mutation profiling, revealing rare variants and subclonal complexity while supporting MRD detection with high analytic sensitivity. FLT3-ITD-based MRD positivity is strongly associated with relapse and poor survival in AML. Clinical trial data support FLT3 inhibitors, including midostaurin, gilteritinib, and quizartinib, in FLT3-mutated AML. Additionally, MRD-guided therapy and combination treatment strategies are promising approaches to overcoming resistance.

FLT3 mutations play a central role in the pathogenesis and treatment of AML and related malignancies. NGS-based testing and MRD monitoring transform clinical decision-making by refining risk stratification and enabling personalized therapeutic interventions. Establishing standardized testing protocols and the broader integration of FLT3-targeted therapies will be essential for optimizing patient outcomes.

Emergency department (ED) presentations are associated with higher cancer mortality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, frequency, and risk factors in Australian patients diagnosed with malignant skin cancers.

This data-linkage cohort study examined adult patients presenting to the ED at the Royal Melbourne and Western Health hospitals within 12 months of a malignant skin cancer diagnosis. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regressions were used to analyze factors influencing the prevalence and frequency of ED presentations.

A total of 3,873 patients were diagnosed with skin malignancies between 2010 and 2018, of which 631 were diagnosed with melanoma. The prevalence of ED presentation was 29%, representing 2,119 episodes of care (median: 0; range: 0–14). Risk factors for a higher prevalence and frequency included: age ≥75 years (odds ratio (OR) = 1.78 [95% confidence interval 1.47–2.15]; incidence risk ratio (IRR) = 1.52 [1.35–1.70]); male (OR = 1.17 [1.01–1.36]; IRR = 1.23 [1.12–1.35]); socioeconomic status levels of 0–30% (OR = 1.59 [1.24–2.03]; IRR = 1.69 [1.45–1.96]) and 71–100% (OR = 1.30 [1.07–1.58]; IRR = 1.27 [1.12–1.45]); preferred language other than English (OR = 1.47 [1.17–1.84]; IRR = 1.49 [1.32–1.69]); and experience with any systemic therapy or radiotherapy (OR = 3.77 [2.12–6.71]; IRR = 2.36 [1.82–3.05]). Age < 65 years was protective (OR = 0.72 [0.59–0.89]; IRR = 0.78 [0.68–0.90]). Other preferred languages and cancer treatment experience were also risk factors in the sub-cohort with melanoma.

This study reports the prevalence and frequency of ED presentations following a skin cancer diagnosis and their association with socioeconomic and linguistic factors in Australia. Increased awareness of these factors could help address health inequities and potentially reduce the need for ED presentations.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in cancer care in China as an integral part of treatment. This study aimed to understand the motivations of cancer patients in China for adopting TCM in their treatment and to examine their communication with oncologists. Gaining insights into these factors can enhance culturally sensitive, patient-centered oncology care.

A consecutive sample of 287 outpatients with cancer was recruited. Sociodemographic and clinical data, TCM usage, primary reasons for adopting TCM, and communication about TCM with oncologists were collected. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data.

Patients’ primary reasons for choosing TCM fell into five main categories: (1) belief in the benefits of TCM itself, (2) recommendations from others (family, friends, or oncologists), (3) belief in the benefits of combining TCM with Western medicine (WM), (4) previous positive experiences with TCM, and (5) dissatisfaction with or intolerance to WM. Among the 103 patients who consulted external TCM providers, 65% disclosed this to their oncologists. A longer time since diagnosis was associated with a higher likelihood of disclosure, while employed patients were less likely to inform their oncologists. Oncologists’ responses varied, with 55% neither approving nor disapproving of external TCM prescriptions.

The primary reasons for TCM use were perceived benefits and recommendations from oncologists and family members. However, communication about TCM with oncologists remains inconsistent. Enhancing patient-provider communication through education and fostering the integration of TCM and WM can improve holistic cancer care.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies of the female reproductive system and ranks among the three primary types of gynecological cancers. Recent trends indicate a rising incidence of EC in younger patients, highlighting the urgent need for effective early screening strategies. This review examines the challenges associated with early diagnosis and screening, including ambiguous methodologies (e.g., transvaginal ultrasound: sensitivity 80–90%, specificity 60–70%), undefined target populations, and the absence of efficient, cost-effective, minimally invasive solutions (e.g., cytology sensitivity ≤50% in community settings). The article provides an overview of the current landscape and emerging innovations in universal EC screening, highlighting advancements in early detection and diagnosis, such as DNA methylation panels (sensitivity 89–94%, specificity 91–97% in phase II trials) and vibrational spectroscopy (sensitivity 92%, specificity 88% in pilot studies). Additionally, future directions for implementing effective screening strategies are explored, emphasizing the potential of high-accuracy biomarkers and scalable technologies to reduce mortality and healthcare costs.

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer significantly improves outcomes and survival rates, minimizing treatments. Imaging techniques are critical in identifying abnormalities and diagnosing breast cancer at its earliest stages, often before clinical symptoms emerge. Mammography remains standard for screening in average-risk women, while supplementary methods like ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and tomosynthesis enhance detection rates, particularly in women with dense breasts or those at high risk. Given that certain factors, such as family history, age, genetic mutations, and breast density, affect the risk of developing breast cancer, some women may benefit from earlier or more frequent screenings. Personalized screening protocols are becoming more common, tailoring the type and frequency of imaging to the individual’s risk profile. Newer technologies, such as molecular breast imaging and contrast-enhanced mammography show promise but require further validation for widespread use. In conclusion, imaging techniques including mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and newer technologies like three-dimensional mammography and molecular breast imaging are essential tools in the early detection of breast cancer, leading to better outcomes for patients. This literature review provides an overview of current breast cancer imaging methods, their role in early diagnosis, and their effectiveness and limitations.

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that adapt to cellular stress and metabolic demands through processes such as fission, fusion, mitophagy, and transport, all of which are vital for maintaining cellular signaling and metabolic homeostasis. Fission facilitates mitochondrial division and biogenesis, while fusion enhances mitochondrial fitness and metabolic flexibility by mitigating damage. Together, these processes play a critical role in regulating cellular stress responses and apoptosis. Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics has been linked to impaired development and cancer progression, including breast cancer metastasis. A comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer progression is essential for advancing precision medicine. This review delves into the intricate molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, and mitophagy, with a particular focus on the role of mitophagy in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and its connection to metastasis progression. Furthermore, it discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dynamics and highlights the critical steps necessary to translate these approaches into clinical trials.

Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide and a significant cause of cancer-related death. Proteogenomic analysis offers insights into how genomic mutations influence protein expression and can identify novel biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of missense mutations on protein abundance in prostate cancer versus healthy tissues using SILAC-based quantitative proteomics.

Mass spectrometry data from prostate tumors and adjacent healthy tissues were analyzed using stable isotope labeling. Peptides were classified based on their abundance into RefSeq and Variant Abundant groups. Missense mutations were mapped via RefSeq and dbPepVar databases. Protein intensity metrics were compared, and Spearman’s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between mutation presence and protein abundance.

Functional enrichment revealed that RefSeq Abundant proteins are involved in normal metabolic and structural functions, while Variant Abundant proteins are enriched in tumor-related pathways such as immune evasion and apoptosis suppression. A significant negative correlation was found between protein intensity difference and ratio (p < 0.05), indicating that missense mutations contribute to altered protein expression. Mutation hotspot analysis identified recurrent alterations in genes such as PPIF and ACTB. PROVEAN was used to evaluate the functional impact of variants, identifying several as deleterious to protein stability and function.

Missense mutations are associated with altered protein abundance and may promote oncogenic processes in prostate cancer. These findings enhance the understanding of genome-proteome interactions and could support the development of targeted biomarkers and therapies.